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LITERATURE DISCUSSION

LET ME DIE ALONE BY JOHN KOLOSA KARGBO Category: Literature in English

LET ME DIE ALONE BY JOHN KOLOSA KARGBO
AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND:
John Kolosa Kargbo is one of the vibrant and prolific Sierra Leone dramatists.
Most of his plays are written in vernacular. His plays totally address and condemn the fundamental ills that seem to be endemic in Sierra Leone’s society. He was once in exile in Nigeria because the government of his country could not broker his strong condemnation of their ineptitude. Among his numerous styles of writing, is the ability to infuse or integrate the ingredients from the mother tongue- Mende Language.

BACKGROUND OF THE PLAY:
The play is a powerful drama depicting a conflict between a proud traditional society and a damning and intimidating foreign civilization bent on afflicting the host community with contempt and disdain. The play Let Me Die Alone also, reveals the internal bickering and conflict within the traditional society itself as the various families and distinct personalities bargain for power and dominance by all means possible.
The play critically exposes the life and time of one of the most powerful and respected women chiefs in Africa, Madam Yoko. According to Uduak(2019), the play offers a strong critique of the oppression of women under a patriarchal system. Of importance and attention is the issue of a critique of the imposition of the colonial influence on the traditional Sierra Leonean society. This act of modernization imposed on this society brought about a lot of conflicts between the two forces between the 19th and 20th century. Not able to resist and repel the European forces, the indigenes have to bow to the European definition of prosperity and success. However, this new standard of living has forced a lot of African countries to live in abject poverty. The citizens also faced the psychological trauma of having a dual personality-both African and European.
PLOT SUMMARY:
The play, written in three short acts, opens at Senehum Gbanya’s bedroom, with Gbanya pulling the wife,Yoko, into the room while the Sande dancers are drumming below the stage. This expression of love is cut short by the visit of the Imperial leader, Doctor Rowe. His visit leads to the desecration of Gbanya’s royalty by flogging him before his people. Consequently, this act of disgrace orchestrated by the colonial master, opens an avenue for Lamboi and Musa to poison the king. Having a premonition of what is about to happen through their action and his dream in the past days, Gbanya uses his last breath to hand over the Mende chiefdom to his wife, Madam Yoko.
After the rites to the ascendancy of the throne, Yoko quickly initiates herself into the Poro, an all male society of tribal leadership, with a strong implication of losing her ability to conceive and bear children all the rest of her life. Her rulership is challenged by Lamboi and the chief priest, Musa. She resists their opposition and fights tirelessly to retain the throne. Lamboi nd Musa plans to betray the queen so that she can be banished thereby paving way for Lamboi to ascend the throne.
However, Madam Yoko’s reign ends suddenly through the devilish intervention of the western authority, represented by Doctor Rowe when they divided her kingdom without consulting or seeking her consent as the queen. As a result, she poisons herself in order to save herself the shame of the humiliation meted out to her by Doctor Rowe.

SETTING
Sierra Leone is the geographical setting of the play. Which shows the ancient royal descent of African kingdoms. The time setting of the play is the late 19th century-1849. This is a period characterized by the elevation of servitude in the hands of the colonial masters.

ASSIGNMENT ONE
Write notes on these characters in Let Me Die Alone
Madam Yoko
2. Gbanya
3. Lamboy
4. Doctor Samuel Rowe
5. Ndapi
6. Musa

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH SS1
LESSON 2
DRAMATIC TECHNIQUES IN LET ME DIE ALONE
1. Language: The playwright uses simple and easy to understand English language in crafting the tragic play. He also uses local Mende dialects to show how people relate and add local colour to the play. There are also African proverbs, foreshadowing and flashbacks to develop the plot and adequately contextualize the drama.
2. Use of songs and dances: The playwright uses adequate songs and dances in the different acts with particular attention paid to the sound effects. The Sande dancers are good examples in the play as they possess the wherewithal to entertain as well as check balance the authorities.
3. Comic Relief: Some bouts of comic relief created by the playwright reduce the overall tragic nature of the play. The way Gbanya drags Yoko to the bed stimulates some pleasurable interest/humor. Also, the appearance, mode of speech and the general relationship between the Guards and the Messenger provide some comic relief.
4. Use of symbols: Some of the symbols employed in the play include:
I. Thunder: Thunder rumbles to arrest the readers attention to consciousness
II. Jeneba: Jeneba in the play symbolizes shattered hope and a new order denied from sprouting.
III. Poison: Poison is seen as a sole tool to end the reign of each of the kings. For instance, Gbanya dies of poison laced in his water by his ‘trusted’ aides- Lamboi and Musa. Poison destroys Gbanya and ends his reign in a disgraceful manner. Yoko on the other hand, commits suicide by taking poison provided by her maid. Poison helps Queen Yoko to leave the throne with her royal esteem and integrity intact. In the play, poison has a dual image of negative and positive ends. It is assumed that Kargbo, the playwright, allows the two chiefs die by taking poison for dramatic convenience
5. Foreshadowing: This is a type of literary device that gives the audience an advanced hint of what is to happen later in the play. For example, when Jeneba is sent to call Lamboi and Musa for a meeting, Lamboi foreshadows her abduction by saying: ‘Girls of her type stand to die in the hands of the enemy of Senehen.’ This statement foreshadows Jeneba’s abduction and gruesome death in the hands of the real enemies of Senehen- Lamboi and Musa. Again, foreshadowing is used when Yoko has a premonition that ‘a great ill will befall this household today’. Later, Dr. Rowe comes to humiliate and flog her husband which leads to his being poisoned to death. Finally, foreshadowing is seen when Gbanya predicts his tragic end. ‘So now, why should I who sent so many enemies on their quest for such peace be afraid to die? No, I am not. My fear rests in the manner of dying.’ Later, he is poisoned by his aides.
THEMES
The thematic concerns in Let Me Die Alone By J.K. Kargbo include:
1. The quest/inordinate greed for power
2. Gender discrimination
3. Colonial arrogance
4. Traditional society versus civilization
5. Tradition and unfair demands on women
6. Modem feminist concerns
7. Battle of the sexes / conflict between genders in a rapidly changing world
8. The importance of traditional dancing, singing and beliefs
9. Blackmail
10. Intrigue and murder
11. Imposition and resistance
12. Betrayal
13. Bargain for power and dominance
CHARACTERIZATION
The characters in the play include:
1. Madam Yoko
2. Gbanya
3. Ndapi
4. Lamboi
5. Musa
6. Jilo
7. Governor/ Dr. Samuel Rowe
8. Jeneba
9. Lansana
10. Messenger
11. Sande dancers
12. Minor characters- Lavalie, Fanneh, Musu and Guards.
ASSIGNMENT
Write one any three themes in Let Me Die Alone. ( Refer to Vital Steps in Literature page265 to 267 for the assignment)

Featured

LITERATURE DISCUSSION

THE GOOD MORROW BY JOHN DONNE.

Category: Literature in English

LITERATURE-IN-ENGLISH
THE GOOD MORROW by John Donne.
AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND:
John Donne was born in 22nd January, 1572 and died in March, 1631. He attended University of Cambridge, Oxford University and Hertford College without getting any degree. He was an English metaphysical poet, preacher, satirist, lawyer and a priest. The metaphysical poets approach poetry as an intellectual endeavor, rather than an emotional one. They make use of highly intellectual language. John Donne was a contemporary of William Shakespeare. He wrote many sonnets, sermons, pamphlets and elegies. He also wrote love poems and questioning religious poetry. His early poetry included The Good Morrow and many other works published in his collection, Songs of Sonnets published in 1633, two years after his death.

BACKGROUND OF THE POEM:
John Donne wrote The Good Morrow from the point of view of an awakening lover and describes the lover’s thoughts as he wakes next to his partner. The foundation of the poem is laid on the Biblical and Catholic writings. This is evident in his alluding to the seven sleepers and Paul the Apostle’s description of divine, agape love. The ‘seven sleepers’ are quoted to be seven Christians sealed in a cave by the Roman emperor, Decius who persecuted Christians around the year 250 A.D. According to history, these Christians slept for 200 years before they woke up only to find that Christianity has become world religion. Generally speaking, the poem is a pure celebration of love, fellowship and unity shared by the young lovers. The title Good Morrow, represents the socially acceptable manner of salutation early in the day. It simply means “good morning”.

CONTENT ANALYSIS:
The poem is written from the point of view of a lover just waking up from sleep beside his partner. The lover discusses his reflection of sensual love and spiritual love. He realizes that it is only through spiritual love that they can be delivered from fear. He recognizes the need for them to desire adventure. In the poem, the poet persona compares their love for each other to the newly found world religion.
In the first stanza, the poem begins with a direct question from the poet persona to the woman whose voice the readers never heard throughout the poem. Before they fell in love and got engaged, the speaker accepts that they are mere babies at their mother’s breasts, just indulging in childish “country pleasures”. He ends this stanza by stating that their previous lifestyle is empty, vain and inconsequential.
In stanza 2, the poet persona eulogizes their new found love. He, therefore, bids “good morrow”, that is, ‘good morning’ to their souls which are now waking from the dream to enjoy real love. This new status of love is devoid of suspicions and unfaithfulness. It is also free from corruption and distractions;
And now good morrow to our waking souls
Which watch not one another out of fear
For love, all love of other sights controls
…let us possess one world, each hath one and is one.
Stanza 3 focuses more intimately on the companionship between the persona and his beloved. Love has bound them with an inseparable cord which makes each one living in and for the other. He says, “My face is thine eyes, thine in mine appears,/ And true plain hearts do in the faces rest.” . The poet believes that an ideal love relationship is devoid of any differences or selfish interests.
The poem, The Good Morrow, could be a metaphorical representation of the divine love of a newly converted Christian who is expected to give up all worldly pleasures for the love of God.

STRUCTURE:
The poet, John Donne, uses 21 lines to capture his feelings about love. The poem has three stanzas of seven lines each. The rhyme scheme of each stanza is ABABCCC. This is called the septet or the rhyme Royale. While stanza one reflects on the lives of the lovers before they become one indivisible entity, the remaining stanzas express the ideals and prospects of seamless love.

THEMES:
1. Emptiness of life without true love.
2. The enduring power of true love
3. The beauty and strength of true love
4. True love breeds contentment and satisfaction (lines 11—14)
5. Lust before love (line 3)
6. Dedication and devotion to one’s partner
7. The importance of salutation
8. Futility and vanity of life
9. Growth and maturity
10. Sensuality versus spirituality
Assignment
1. Copy out the poem The Good Morrow by John Donne into your Literature – in- English notebook.
2. Memorize the poem.

THE USE OF POETIC DEVICES IN THE GOOD MORROW BY JOHN DONNE.
LANGUAGE/DICTION
The words used in the poem are not mostly modern English. They represent the language common in the poem’s geographical setting, England, especially around the time setting—16th and 17th centuries. Though the choice of words is simple and the expressions straightforward, some words could be challenging to an average reader. The difficult words include: “troth”(faith, truth), “snorted”(breath air out of the nose), “sucked”( milk drawn from the breast), “hemisphere”, “wean”, “slacken”. The poetic persona uses different words to expand the meaning of his metaphors. Some of them include: “weaned”(children), “seven sleepers den”(history), “sea discoverers” (travel and exploration), “sharp north”(geography), “declining west”(astronomy)
CONVERSATIONAL STYLE
John Donne, in the poem, adopts a conversational style which is an example of a dramatic monologue. A dramatic monologue in poetry is a one-sided conversation delivered by the poet persona. Usually, there is a speaker and a listener. In the poem, the speaker addresses his lover, wondering how they loved before, how their real love has awakened and resolute to share it to the end.
USE OF RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
A rhetorical question does not require an answer. The poet persona uses this device to ponder on their lives before they met and fell in love.
Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then?
But sucked on country pleasures, childishly?
Or snorted we in the seven sleeper’s den (lines 2 to 4)
ENJAMBMENT (RUN-ON-LINES)
This is when one line runs into another in order to complete it’s meaning. These include lines one and two and lines twenty and twenty one
METAPHOR
The use of metaphors makes the poem more vivid and clear. The past lives of the lovers’ are brought out to contrast the present. Example
“we were not weaned till then?
But sucked on country pleasures, childishly?.”
Here, the old and new love affair of the lovers are compared
HYPERBOLE
The Good Morrow has almost all the lines dotted with deliberate exaggerations in order to create a better understanding of the concept. Example:
“If ever any beauty I did see which I desired and got, it was but a dream of thee.” Etc.
END RHYME
The poem has a rhyming scheme of ABABCCC
IMAGERY
The poet uses geographical images to convey his message. Examples are: hemisphere, Sea discoverers, map readers, north, west, waking souls, etc.
ALLUSION
Historical allusion is used when the poet makes reference to ‘the seven sleepers’ den’. Literary allusion is used when the poet alludes to Shakespeare’s Macbeth. “And true plain hearts do in the faces rest”
Other devices used in the poem include innuendo, paradox, alliteration, assonance etc.

ASSIGNMENT
Find examples of the following poetic devices in the poem
a. Alliteration
b. Assonance
c. Paradox

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What sacrifices have you made in life?

Just One Day

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Triple Dish

Triple Dish

SEE A LIST OF WRONG ENGLISH WE SPEAK EVERY DAY…🗣️

You’re taking it personal ❌
You’re taking it personally ✔

He is matured ❌
He is mature ✔
He has matured ✔

The reason is Because ❌
The reason is that ✔

My stuffs ❌
My stuff ✔

Night vigil ❌
Vigil ✔

Traveling bag ❌
Travel Bag ✔

As at when due ❌
As and when due ✔

Be rest assured ❌
Rest assured ✔

I’m hearing you ❌
I can hear you ✔

My names are ❌
My name is ✔

All manners of ❌
All manner of ✔

She delivered a baby boy ❌
She was delivered of a baby boy ✔

Lacking behind ❌
Lagging behind ✔

Crack your brain ❌
Rack your brain ✔

Return it back ❌
Return it ✔

Nigeria comprises of 36 states ❌
Nigeria comprises 36 states ✔
Nigeria is comprised of 36 states ✔

Wake keeping ❌
Wake keep ❌
Wake ✔

Exercise patience ❌
Be patient ✔

Barbing saloon ❌
Barber shop ✔

I forgot my phone at home ❌
I left my phone at home✔

Borrow me your pen ❌
Lend me your pen ✔
May I borrow your pen ✔

More grease to your elbow ❌
More power to your elbow ✔

Funny enough, I’ve never liked him ❌
Funnily enough, I’ve never liked him ✔

My body is scratching me ❌
My body itches ✔

Letterhead paper ❌
Letterhead ✔

I’m not your mate ❌
We’re not mates ✔

You’re mannerless ❌
You’re ill-mannered ✔

Horn at the car in front ❌
Honk at the car in front ✔

Happy birthday in arrears ❌
Happy belated birthday ❌
Belated happy birthday ✔

I will sleep at 10pm ❌
I will go to bed at 10pm ✔

Just when I thought I have seen it all ❌
Just when I thought I had seen it all ✔

First come, First serve ❌
First come, First served ✔

Please dash me ❌
Please hand it on to me ✔
Please give me ✔

I have a running nose ❌
I have a runny nose ✔

I have a running stomach ❌
I have a runny stomach ❌
I have an upset stomach ✔

Working Experience ❌
Work Experience ✔

copied

NAME OF HERBS & SPICES IN YORUBA

Tiger nut – Ofio
Onion – Alubọsa
Ginger – Atalẹ
Bell pepper – Tataṣe
Garlic – Ayù
Kola nut – Obi
Cinnamon – Oriira
Walnut – Awùsá/Àsálà
Spring onion – Alubọsa Elewe
Bitter Kola – Orogbo
Basil – Efinrin
Bitterleaf – Ewuro
Indigo plant – Èlú (Aro)
Shea butter – Òrí
Chilli pepper/Bonnet – Ata rodo
Alligator pepper – Atare
Grape – Eso Àjàrà
Water letuce – Ojú oró
Nutmeg – Aríwó
Dates – Labidun
Bitter melon – Ejirin wewe
Eggplant – Igba/Ikan
Cayenne pepper – Ṣọmbọ
Tumeric – Ajo (Atalẹ pupa)
Marijuana – Igbó
Corn silk – Irukere agbado
Lemon – Ijaganyin
Jute – Ewedu
Tamarind – Awin
Pumpkin – Elégédé
Lime – Osan wewe
Bamboo – Oparun
Moringa – Ewelẹ
Watermelon – Ibara
Wild lettuce – Ẹfọ Yanrin
Aloe vera – Eti Erin
Milkweed – Bomubomu
Roselle Hibiscus – Iṣapa
Cucumber – Apálá
Camwood – Osùn
Plum -Ìgọ
Hog plum – Ìyeyè
Almond – Ofio omu
Miracle berry – Agbayun
Black pepper – Iyere
Lotus plant- Oṣibata
Bush mango – Oro
Fig – Ọ̀pọ̀tọ́ (Eeya)
Siam weed – Ewe Akintola
Raffia palm – Ògùrọ
E

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1. MANGO LEAVES:
Pluck 3 to 4pcs (leaves) drop them in a cup of hot water or boil for 2 mins and drink. It is an excellent tea as it strengthens the nervous system, especially those with shaky nervous hands, it stops with time.

2. GUAVA LEAVES:
Wonderful!!! It is full of power and strength, it supplies real time energy also full of antioxidants. It manages diabetes, lowers cholesterol and fights cancer. It promotes weight loss, heals cold and cough, it reduces acne and improves skin texture.

3. AVOCADO LEAVES:
Avocado pear is one of the five healthiest foods on earth, so is the tea brewed from its leaves is a super drink. It lowers cholesterol, it helps to flush out excess fluid that hypes your heart beats better than going in for water pill. It treats cold, flu, stomach aches, arthritis, tooth ache, back pains also works well for diarrhea.

4. MORINGA LEAVES:
Pluck the leaves, make green tea from it. The tea takes care of over 300 diseases in your system.

5. PINEAPPLE PEELS:
Very useful, do not waste it. Its tea takes care of inflammatory pains. The tea from it wipes all pains in seconds, heals ulcer and cough too. It is better taken to nourish your body than poisoning your system with pain relieving tabs. that do unending damage to the body.

6. SOURSOP LEAVES:
Brew or boil 3pcs and drink as tea. It inhibits the growth of cancer cells and treats cancer more effectively than chemotherapy, it treats back pain, eczema and rheumatism. Serves as diabetes remedy, it boots immune system and prevents infections. Soursop leaves offer fascinating quick recovery from diseases.

I’ve been on this for years, I’ve even moved a step higher by drying the leaves inside the house, dry milling it and keeping the powder in a dry bottle.
I boil and sieve to drink.
Drink natural green tea from economic Tree leaves around you. You eat their fruits for your well being and their leaves for your tea.

You are the number 1 person in your life…take care of the number 1💥

Health is Wealth.👌👌👌
Cancer Defeated

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Thinly slice 2 to 3 pieces of pineapple in a cup and add hot water, it will be “alkaline water”, if you drink it daily, it is good for everyone.
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“PSYCHOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIPSA psychologist shares 6 toxic phrases ‘highly narcissistic’ people always use—and how to deal with them.

Olivia de Recat for CNBC Make It
The world is full of difficult personalities, but the one that’s impossible to avoid is the narcissist. They are usually the most insecure people in the room, but have established a way of appearing ultra-confident.

As a psychologist who studies narcissism, I’ve found that, in most cases, highly narcissistic people are masters of gaslighting. Their primary goal in a relationship is to offset their insecurity by controlling and manipulating others.

Here are six phrases that they always use — and how to deal with them:

“I don’t want to make this about me, but…”
Statements like this show that narcissistic people know they shouldn’t dominate the conversation, yet they do it anyway. It’s like a pseudo-disclaimer that gives them permission to only focus on themselves.

Olivia de Recat for CNBC Make It
How to handle it: If you get into a conversation with a narcissist, be prepared for their story hour. If it’s interesting, listen. You can even treat it like an IRL podcast. But if you’re hoping for a two-way conversation, look elsewhere.

“I’m sorry you feel that way.”
Narcissists have a hard time admitting fault, and this is their classic attempt at an apology. But it’s actually more of a deflection.

With this phrase, they’re implying that your feelings are your issues alone, and that they’ll take no responsibility for their behavior.

How to handle it: Without genuine remorse, no matter what the transgression was, they’ll likely do it again. My advice is to simply disengage. To avoid getting hurt in the future, it is often best to see people for who they really are.

“Why are you doing this to me?”
Narcissists have a stunning capacity to shift from being the offender to being the victim.

You may be the one who has the flu or a tough week at work. But if whatever you’re struggling with inconveniences them, it will be framed as their problem.

How to handle it: You can get a degree of power back through self-awareness. Otherwise, you may find yourself constantly wondering if you’re actually at fault. Seek support — from a therapist or empathetic friend, for example — to remind yourself that you’re not the offender.

“I’m a busy person. I don’t have time for this.”
“This” can be anything — maybe you want to discuss a project you’re working on together or you’re inviting them to a work event.

The hallmarks of a narcissist are entitlement, a lack of empathy and the inability to maintain reciprocal relationships. Not only are they unable to understand another person’s needs, but they’re also dismissive of them.

How to handle it: Recognize their limitations. They likely won’t make time for you unless they need something. These relationships are often the equivalent of going to an empty well for water, so do what you can to foster support independent of the narcissist.

“I hope you know who you’re messing with.”
The evil twin to this is: “If you ever do wrong by me, I’ll make your life a living hell.”

This tactic of dangling menace and the possibility of vengeance is how they create an illusion of power and a sense of fear in you. Most people don’t want to face this perceived threat, so they comply.

How to handle it: This can be unsettling, especially if you’re dealing with someone who does have a track record of making other people miserable. Documentation is key. Save all emails and messages. If there’s a genuine safety issue, work with local authorities to devise a plan.

“It’s not fair.”
Narcissists believe there should be a set of rules for them, and separate set of rules for everyone else. When they have to comply, or a consequence is enforced, it’s a reminder that they are not special.

Whether their friend’s company is doing great and making lots of money, or they have to pay a penalty because they tried to game the system and got caught, you can expect a rant of “it’s not fair” statements.

How to handle it: You may be tempted to appease them, perhaps out of guilt or to avoid conflict. But doing so will set an impossible precedent. Don’t try to be a person who tries to make life “fair” for them by making unreasonable personal sacrifices.

Dr. Ramani Durvasula is a psychologist, professor of psychology at California State University, Los Angeles, and founder of LUNA Education. She is also the author of “Don’t You Know Who I Am: How to Stay Sane in the Era of Narcissism, Entitlement and Incivility″ and “Should I Stay or Should I Go: Surviving a Relationship With a Narcissist.” Follow her on Twitter @DoctorRamani.

Don’t miss:

Harvard-trained psychologist: If you use any of these 9 phrases every day, ‘your relationship is more successful’ than most
The 8 ‘rarest’ types of employees—they ‘simply outperform everyone else,’ says career expert
Harvard neuroscientist: The ‘most underrated’ skill all successful people have—’especially introverts’

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